Kelas Ibu Hamil Terhadap Kesehatan Psikologis Ibu Hamil dan Persiapan Persalinan: Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35473/ijm.v5i1.1427Abstract
During pregnancy, there are physiological changes in the mother's physical and psychology due to the growth and development of the fetus and preparation for childbirth. These changes make pregnant women vulnerable to conditions of stress, anxiety and other complaints related to psychological health. Pregnant women with psychological health disorders are at risk for premature birth, low birth weight, prolonged labor duration, immune disorders, postpartum depression, etc. Maternity Class is a training program to deal with childbirth under the supervision and guidance of an experienced obstetrician or midwife with the aim of preparing pregnant women physically and mentally. This type of research is a systematic review with the method used is PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review). Data is accessed from various database sources such as; Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Sage Pud, ProQuest. The literature reviewed in the range of 2011 to 2020 which is original research is experimental research by design; randomized controlled trial, quasi-experimental, and pre-experimental. There are 9 articles resears that in accordance. The research subjects were pregnant women. The result of a systematic review is that participation in classes for pregnant women can reduce levels of stress, fear, and pain when compared to mothers who do not attend classes for pregnant women. Classes for pregnant women can improve labor preparation, reduce postpartum trauma and postpartum stress. The implementation of classes for pregnant women by presenting age-appropriate material can increase correct knowledge and reduce misinformation. The conclusion from this systematic review is that pregnant women's classes are an appropriate educational tool for pregnant women, namely by providing information according to the needs of pregnant women, intervention in emotional and motivational aspects so that pregnant women can empower themselves.
Abstrak
Selama kehamilan, terjadi perubahan fisiologi pada fisik dan psikologi ibu akibat adanya tumbuh kembang janin dan persiapan persalinan. Perubahan tersebut membuat ibu hamil rentan pada kondisi stres, kecemasan dan keluhan lain terkait dengan kesehatan psikologi. Ibu hamil dengan gangguan kesehatan psikologi berisiko mengalami kelahiran prematur, lahir dengan berat yang rendah, perpanjangan durasi persalinan, gangguan kekebalan tubuh, depresi postpartum, dll. Kelas Ibu Hamil merupakan program pelatihan untuk menghadapi kelahiran di bawah pengawasan dan bimbingan dokter kandungan atau bidan yang sudah berpengalaman dengan tujuan untuk mempersiapkan diri pada ibu hamil secara fisik dan mental. Jenis penelitian merupakan systematic review dengan metode yang digunakan adalah PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews). Data diakses dari berbagai sumber database seperti; Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Sage Pud, ProQuest. Literatur dikaji dalam rentang tahun 2011 hingga 2020 yang merupakan riset asli penelitian eksperimental dengan desain; randomized controlled trial, quasy experiment, dan pra experiment. Artikel penelitian yang sesuai sejumlah 9 artikel. Subjek penelitian adalah ibu hamil. Hasil dari systematic review adalah partisipasi pada kelas ibu hamil dapat menurunkan tingkat stres, kecemasan, ketakutan, dan nyeri apabila dibandingkan dengan ibu yang tidak mengikuti kelas ibu hamil. Kelas ibu hamil dapat meningkatkan persiapan persalinan, menurunkan trauma pascapersalinan dan stres postpartum. Pelaksanaan kelas ibu hamil dengan pemberian materi yang disesuaikan umur kehamilan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan yang benar dan mengurangi disinformasi.
Kesimpulan dari systematic review ini adalah kelas ibu hamil merupakan sarana edukasi yang tepat untuk ibu hamil yaitu dengan pemberian informasi yang sesuai kebutuhan ibu hamil, intervensi aspek emosional dan motivasi agar ibu hamil dapat memberdayakan diri.
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