Analisis Faktor Lingkungan Sekolah terhadap Pencegahan Obesitas Anak Sekolah Dasar di Kota Bekasi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35473/proheallth.v7i1.3172Abstract
The prevalence of obesity in children aged 5-12 years continues to increase. This is a cause for concern because the impact of obesity is not only medical impacts, but can also have social, psychological and economic impacts. Schools as places where children spend much time, have an important role in preventing obesity. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse school environments. This study used analytical approach with a cross sectional design accompanied by a qualitative approach in the form of observations and in-depth interviews to answer 76 questions (divided into 4 main section: physical, economic, politic, and socio-cultural). The research targets were 6 elementary schools in East Bekasi, as one of the sub-districts with the largest number of schools and students in Bekasi City. Apart from the school principal, this research also involved 201 students. Descriptive analysis is conducted consist of: physical 41 questions, political 9 questions, economics 9 questions, and socio-cultural 17 questions. Based on the scoring carried out, political environmental factors had the lowest average score percentage of 31.48%), socio-cultural environment (35.29%), economic (50.00%), and the highest percentage was physical environment (54.88%). There are several observation results that require improvement, such as: socialization of healthy school policies, improvements to the canteen, and students' snack eating patterns. As many as 19.9% of students are obese. The political environment factor has the lowest average score compared to other factors (economy, socio-cultural, physical).
ABSTRAK
Prevalensi obesitas pada anak usia 5-12 tahun meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Hal tersebut menjadi kekhawatirkan karena dampak dari obesitas tidak hanya dirasakan dari segi medis, tetapi juga dapat terjadi dari segi sosial, psikologis, hingga ekonomi. Sekolah sebagai tempat anak-anak menghabiskan waktu memiliki peranan penting dalam pencegahan obesitas. Oleh karena itu diperlukan penilaian faktor lingkungan sekolah yang berkaiatan dengan kejadian obesitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif observasional dengan desain potong lintang disertai dengan pendekatan kualitatif dalam bentuk observasi dan wawancara mendalam untuk menjawab instrumen kuantitatif sejumlah 76 pertanyaan yang diterbagi menjadi 4 bagian (fisik, ekonomi, politik, dan sosial budaya. Sasaran penelitian merupakan 6 sekolah dasar di Bekasi Timur, sebagai salah satu kecamatan dengan jumlah sekolah dan siswa terbanyak di Kota Bekasi. Selain kepala sekolah, penelitian ini juga melibatkan 201 siswa. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif mencakup faktor lingkungan sebagai berikut: fisik 41 pertanyaan, politik 9 pertanyaan, ekonomi 9 pertanyaan, dan sosial budaya 17 pertanyaan. Berdasarkan skoring yang dilakukan, faktor lingkungan politik memiliki rata-rata persentase skor terendah 31.48%), diikuti lingkungan sosial budaya (35.29%) lalu ekonomi (50.00%), dan tertinggi pada persentase lingkungan fisik (54.88%). Terdapat beberapa hasil pengamatan yang memerlukan peningkatan seperti: sosialisasi kebijakan sekolah sehat, perbaikan kantin sekolah, dan pola makan jajanan siswa. Sebanyak 19.9% siswa mengalami obesitas. Berdasarkan penelitian dapat disimpulkan faktor lingkungan politik memiliki skor rata-rata terendah dibanding faktor ekonomi, sosial budaya, dan fisik.
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