Analisis Faktor Demografi, Medis, dan Gaya Hidup terhadap Kejadian Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 pada Lansia: Studi Cross-sectional di Posyandu Lansia Ngudi Waras Pudakpayung Banyumanik
Keywords:
Aktivitas Fisik , Lansia, Faktor Risiko Metabolik, Diabetes Tipe 2Abstract
ABSTRAK
Diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DM tipe 2) merupakan salah satu penyakit tidak menular dengan prevalensi tinggi di dunia dan menjadi masalah kesehatan utama pada kelompok lansia. Kota Semarang mencatat jumlah kasus DM tipe 2 tertinggi di Jawa Tengah, dengan peningkatan kasus hingga tingkat pelayanan primer. Puskesmas Pudakpayung, yang mencakup wilayah Posyandu Lansia Ngudi Waras Banyumanik, melaporkan 501 kasus DM tipe 2 pada tahun 2022. Penelitian ini merupakan studi analitik observasional kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh lansia yang terdaftar di Posyandu Lansia Ngudi Waras tahun 2024 (N=100). Sampel sebanyak 62 lansia dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling berdasarkan kesediaan mengikuti pemeriksaan gula darah acak . Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferensial menggunakan uji Chi-Square . Aktivitas fisik menunjukkan hubungan signifikan dengan kejadian DM tipe 2 pada lansia (p<0,05), di mana lansia dengan aktivitas fisik rendah memiliki risiko lebih tinggi mengalami DM tipe 2. Pola makan tidak berhubungan signifikan dengan DM tipe 2 (p>0,05). Faktor medis seperti riwayat keluarga (p=0,263) , obesitas (p=0,905), dan hipertensi (p=0,264) tidak menunjukkan hubungan bermakna. Faktor demografis usia (p=0,805), jenis kelamin (p=0,907), dan status pekerjaan juga tidak berhubungan signifikan, meskipun terdapat kecenderungan prevalensi lebih tinggi pada lansia dengan tingkat pendidikan rendah. Aktivitas fisik merupakan faktor dominan yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian diabetes tipe 2 pada lansia. Intervensi promotif–preventif di Posyandu Lansia perlu difokuskan pada peningkatan aktivitas fisik terstruktur sebagai strategi utama pencegahan DM Tipe 2
Kata kunci: Aktivitas Fisik , Lansia, Faktor Risiko Metabolik, Diabetes Tipe 2
ABSTRACT
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a non-communicable disease with a high global prevalence and is a major health concern among the elderly. Semarang City has recorded the highest number of T2DM cases in Central Java, with an increasing trend reaching primary healthcare levels. Pudakpayung Health Center, which oversees the Ngudi Waras Elderly Integrated Health Post (Posyandu Lansia) in Banyumanik, reported 501 cases of T2DM in 2022. This study is a quantitative observational analytical study using a cross-sectional design. The population consisted of all elderly individuals registered at the Ngudi Waras Elderly Posyandu in 2024 ($N=100$). A sample of 62 elderly participants was selected using purposive sampling based on their willingness to undergo random blood glucose testing. Data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using the Chi-Square test. Physical activity showed a significant correlation with the incidence of T2DM in the elderly ($p < 0.05$), where those with low physical activity levels had a higher risk of developing T2DM. Dietary patterns did not show a significant correlation with T2DM ($p > 0.05$). Medical factors such as family history ($p = 0.263$), obesity ($p = 0.905$), and hypertension ($p = 0.264$) did not show significant associations. Demographic factors including age ($p = 0.805$), gender ($p = 0.907$), and occupational status were also not significantly related, although there was a trend of higher prevalence among those with lower educational levels. Physical activity is the dominant factor influencing the incidence of T2DM in the elderly. Promotive and preventive interventions at the Elderly Posyandu should focus on increasing structured physical activity as a primary strategy for preventing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Keywords: Physical Activity, Elderly, Metabolic Risk Factors, Type 2 Diabetes
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