Hubungan Paparan Pestisida dan Risiko Pencemaran Lingkungan Kerja dengan Keluhan Kesehatan pada Teknisi Pengendalian Vektor Sektor Komersial
Keywords:
paparan pestisida, pencemaran lingkungan kerja, keluhan kesehatan, teknisi pengendalian vektorAbstract
ABSTRAK
Paparan pestisida pada teknisi pengendalian vektor merupakan isu penting dalam kesehatan kerja karena aktivitas aplikasi yang dilakukan secara rutin berpotensi menimbulkan pajanan kimia, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung melalui pencemaran lingkungan kerja. Pajanan yang berulang dapat meningkatkan risiko gangguan kesehatan, terutama pada sektor jasa pengendalian hama komersial dengan intensitas kerja lapangan yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara paparan pestisida dan risiko pencemaran lingkungan kerja dengan keluhan kesehatan teknisi pengendalian vektor sektor komersial. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuantitatif observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Seluruh teknisi aktif dilibatkan sebagai responden (n=33) menggunakan teknik total sampling. Variabel bebas meliputi paparan pestisida dan risiko pencemaran lingkungan kerja, sedangkan variabel terikat adalah keluhan kesehatan. Paparan pestisida diukur berdasarkan frekuensi keterlibatan dalam pencampuran dan penyemprotan, intensitas kontak bahan kimia, serta kondisi lingkungan kerja. Risiko pencemaran dinilai dari potensi kontaminasi akibat aktivitas operasional dan pengelolaan limbah. Keluhan kesehatan diukur berdasarkan gejala yang dirasakan dalam tiga bulan terakhir. Seluruh variabel diukur menggunakan kuesioner skala Likert lima tingkat dan dikategorikan menjadi rendah, sedang, dan tinggi berdasarkan interval skor teoritis. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dan bivariat menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil menunjukkan paparan pestisida berada pada kategori rendah (24,2%), sedang (45,5%), dan tinggi (30,3%). Risiko pencemaran lingkungan kerja didominasi kategori sedang (45,5%). Keluhan kesehatan mayoritas berada pada kategori rendah (93,9%). Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara paparan pestisida dan keluhan kesehatan (p=0,001; ρ=0,552), sedangkan risiko pencemaran lingkungan kerja tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan (p=0,872; ρ=0,031).
Kata kunci: paparan pestisida, pencemaran lingkungan kerja, keluhan kesehatan
ABSTRACT
Pesticide exposure among vector control technicians is an important occupational health concern, as routine application activities may cause both direct chemical exposure and indirect exposure through workplace environmental contamination. Repeated exposure increases the risk of health problems, particularly in commercial pest control services with high fieldwork intensity. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between pesticide exposure and workplace environmental contamination risk with health complaints among commercial vector control technicians. This study is an analytical observational quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted. All active technicians were included as respondents (n=33) using total sampling. Independent variables consisted of pesticide exposure and workplace environmental contamination risk, while the dependent variable was health complaints. Pesticide exposure was measured based on the frequency of mixing and spraying activities, intensity of chemical contact, and workplace environmental conditions. Workplace contamination risk was assessed based on potential contamination from operational activities and waste management practices. Health complaints were measured based on symptoms experienced within the last three months. All variables were assessed using a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire and categorized into low, moderate, and high levels based on theoretical score intervals. Data were analyzed descriptively and bivariately using Spearman correlation tests.
The results showed pesticide exposure levels of low (24.2%), moderate (45.5%), and high (30.3%). Workplace environmental contamination risk was predominantly moderate (45.5%). Health complaints were mostly low (93.9%). Pesticide exposure was significantly associated with health complaints (p=0.001; ρ=0.552), while workplace contamination risk showed no significant association (p=0.872; ρ=0.031).
Keywords: pesticide exposure, workplace environmental contamination, health complaints
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