Analisis Risiko Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja pada Aktivitas Penggunaan Fungisida oleh Petani Bawang Merah Tradisional
Keywords:
Fungisida, Job Safety Analysis, Kesehatan Kerja, PetaniAbstract
ABSTRAK
Penggunaan fungisida pada budidaya bawang merah merupakan aktivitas penting untuk mengendalikan penyakit tanaman, tetapi proses penentuan area kerja, pencampuran, penyemprotan, pengaturan tekanan, pengelolaan residu, dan dekontaminasi pekerja berpotensi menimbulkan pajanan kimia, kecelakaan kerja, dan pencemaran lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bahaya, risiko, dan pengendalian penggunaan fungisida pada petani bawang merah menggunakan pendekatan Job Safety Analysis (JSA). Penelitian ini merupakan analisis deskriptif berbasis dokumen terhadap formulir Job Safety Analysis (JSA), yang dipilih karena mampu mengidentifikasi bahaya dan pengendalian risiko secara sistematis pada setiap tahapan kerja, penggunaan fungisida pada lahan bawang merah.. Dokumen yang dianalisis adalah formulir JSA penggunaan fungisida pada petani bawang merah. Unit analisis mencakup 13 tahapan kerja, kategori H/S/E, uraian bahaya, risiko, rekomendasi pengendalian, dan status implementasi pengendalian. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa 13 tahapan kerja memiliki kombinasi risiko kesehatan, keselamatan, dan lingkungan. Kategori H/E ditemukan pada 5 tahapan, H/S/E pada 4 tahapan, S/E pada 3 tahapan, dan H/S pada 1 tahapan. Risiko utama meliputi pajanan kulit, mata, dan pernapasan; keracunan akut; terpeleset; semburan balik; drift; limpasan; fitotoksisitas; pencemaran tanah dan air; serta kontaminasi rumah tangga pasca kerja. Seluruh 13 pengendalian masih berstatus belum terverifikasi. JSA menunjukkan bahwa pengendalian fungisida harus dilakukan sebagai sistem kerja lengkap, mulai dari perencanaan hingga dekontaminasi, dengan verifikasi pengendalian sebelum pekerjaan dimulai. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi dasar penyusunan Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) penggunaan fungisida yang aman serta pengembangan pelatihan K3 bagi petani bawang merah..
Kata kunci: Paparan Fungisida, Job Safety Analysis, Kesehatan Kerja, Petani, Penilaian Risiko Kerja
ABSTRACT
Fungicide application in shallot farming is essential for plant-disease control, yet area selection, mixing, spraying, pressure adjustment, residue handling, and worker decontamination may generate chemical exposure, occupational incidents, and environmental contamination. This study aimed to analyze hazards, risks, and control measures in shallot fungicide use using a Job Safety Analysis (JSA) approach. This study employed a descriptive document-based analysis of Job Safety Analysis (JSA) forms, which were selected because they enable the systematic identification of hazards and risk control measures at each stage of fungicide application in shallot farming. The documents analyzed were JSA forms regarding fungicide use by shallot farmers. The analysis covered 13 work steps, H/S/E categories, hazard descriptions, risk descriptions, recommended controls, and control-implementation status. The analysis showed that all 13 work steps contained combined health, safety, and environmental risks. H/E risks appeared in 5 steps, H/S/E in 4 steps, S/E in 3 steps, and H/S in 1 step. The main risks included skin, eye, and respiratory exposure; acute poisoning; slipping; back spray; drift; runoff; phytotoxicity; soil and water contamination; and household contamination after work. All 13 control measures remained unverified in the reviewed form. JSA indicates that fungicide safety must be managed as a complete work system, from planning to decontamination, with verified control measures before field application begins. The findings of this study can serve as a basis for developing standard operating procedures (SOPs) for the safe use of fungicides and occupational health and safety (OHS) training programs for shallot farmers.
Keywords: Fungicide Expoxure, Job Safety Analysis, Occupational Health, Farmers, Occupational Risk Assassment
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