Pengaruh Pijat Oksitosin dibandingkan Intervensi Lain terhadap Produksi ASI pada Ibu Nifas: Literature Review
Comparison of Oxytocin Massage with Other Interventions on Breast Milk Production in Puerperal Mothers: A Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35473/ijm.v8i2.4464Keywords:
Oxytocin Massage, Lactation, Puerperal Mothers, Breast Care, Marmet TechniqueAbstract
Breast milk is the optimal source of nutrition for infants, yet inadequate milk production remains a significant barrier to exclusive breastfeeding worldwide. Non-pharmacological interventions such as oxytocin massage, marmet technique, breast care, acupressure, and herbal remedies have been widely introduced to stimulate the release of prolactin and oxytocin hormones, thereby enhancing lactation. This literature review aims to critically analyze and synthesize evidence regarding the effectiveness of oxytocin massage compared with other interventions for improving breast milk production in puerperal mothers. Articles were obtained from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, published between 2015 and 2025, using keywords “oxytocin massage,” “lactation,” “breast milk production,” and “postpartum mothers.” Inclusion criteria consisted of experimental and quasi-experimental studies evaluating oxytocin massage or other complementary techniques, with primary outcomes including milk volume, hormonal changes, maternal psychological well-being, and infant feeding indicators. Findings consistently indicate that oxytocin massage enhances milk production, often showing results equal to or superior compared with marmet technique, effleurage massage, or breast care alone. Moreover, combination approaches such as oxytocin massage combined with marmet or Woolwich massage demonstrated greater improvements in milk yield, maternal comfort, and breastfeeding success. Studies assessing hormonal responses reported increased oxytocin and prolactin levels following oxytocin massage, particularly when combined with emotional management strategies. Nevertheless, variations in methodology, sample size, and measurement tools across studies limit comparability and generalizability of findings. Overall, oxytocin massage represents an effective, safe, low-cost, and feasible non-pharmacological intervention to support lactation among postpartum mothers. Future research with standardized protocols, larger sample sizes, and robust hormonal assessments is recommended to strengthen the evidence base and inform clinical practice guidelines for midwives and health professionals.
Abstrak
ASI merupakan sumber nutrisi terbaik bagi bayi, namun produksi ASI yang tidak memadai masih menjadi hambatan utama dalam pencapaian pemberian ASI eksklusif di seluruh dunia. Berbagai intervensi nonfarmakologis telah diperkenalkan untuk merangsang pelepasan hormon prolaktin dan oksitosin, di antaranya pijat oksitosin, teknik marmet, perawatan payudara, akupresur, serta terapi herbal. Tinjauan literatur ini bertujuan menganalisis secara kritis dan mensintesis bukti mengenai efektivitas pijat oksitosin dibandingkan dengan intervensi lain dalam meningkatkan produksi ASI pada ibu nifas. Artikel diperoleh melalui pencarian pada PubMed, Scopus, dan Google Scholar dengan rentang publikasi 2015–2025 menggunakan kata kunci “pijat oksitosin,” “laktasi,” “produksi ASI,” dan “ibu nifas.” Kriteria inklusi mencakup penelitian eksperimental maupun kuasi-eksperimental yang mengevaluasi pijat oksitosin atau intervensi lain dengan luaran utama berupa volume ASI, perubahan hormonal, kesejahteraan psikologis ibu, serta indikator keberhasilan menyusui bayi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pijat oksitosin secara konsisten meningkatkan produksi ASI, dengan hasil yang setara bahkan lebih baik dibandingkan teknik marmet, pijat effleurage, atau perawatan payudara saja, selain itu, pendekatan kombinasi seperti pijat oksitosin dengan teknik marmet atau woolwich massage terbukti memberikan peningkatan lebih besar pada volume ASI, kenyamanan ibu, serta keberhasilan menyusui. Beberapa penelitian yang mengukur respon hormonal melaporkan adanya peningkatan kadar oksitosin dan prolaktin setelah pijat oksitosin, terutama bila dikombinasikan dengan strategi manajemen emosional. Meski demikian, variasi metodologi, ukuran sampel, serta instrumen pengukuran antar penelitian membatasi keterbandingan dan generalisasi temuan. Secara keseluruhan, pijat oksitosin merupakan intervensi nonfarmakologis yang efektif, aman, murah, serta layak diterapkan untuk mendukung laktasi pada ibu nifas. Penelitian selanjutnya dengan protokol yang lebih terstandar, sampel lebih besar, dan pengukuran hormonal yang lebih kuat diperlukan guna memperkuat bukti serta menyusun pedoman praktik klinis bagi bidan dan tenaga kesehatan.
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References
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