Dukungan Keluarga dan Efikasi Diri pada Ibu Menyusui Yang Bekerja di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Ambarawa
Family Support and Self-Efficacy Among Working Breastfeeding Mothers in the Working Area of Ambarawa Public Health Center
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35473/ijm.v9i1.4714Keywords:
Efikasi Diri, ASI Ekasklusif, Breastfeeding Self Efficacy, Dukungan KeluargaAbstract
Exclusive breastfeeding plays a crucial role in improving maternal and infant health and reducing infant mortality. However, the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia remains suboptimal, including in the working area of Ambarawa Public Health Center, which only reaches 52%. Working mothers face challenges such as limited time, inadequate lactation facilities in the workplace, and psychological pressures that may lower self-efficacy. Family support is considered an external factor that enhances maternal self-efficacy, yet previous studies have reported varying findings. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the relationship between family support and self-efficacy among working breastfeeding mothers. This was a quantitative analytical correlational study with a cross-sectional design involving 86 working breastfeeding mothers selected through total sampling. Standardized Family Support and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) questionnaires were used. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate methods with Pearson’s correlation test. Most respondents were aged 20–35 years (93%), had a high school education (58.1%), worked as private employees (54.7%), and had two children (54.7%). Family support was categorized as moderate (52.3%), while maternal self-efficacy was also moderate (83.7%). Pearson’s correlation test showed p = 0.000 and r = 0.614, indicating a significant positive relationship between family support and maternal self-efficacy. Family support is significantly associated with the self-efficacy of working breastfeeding mothers. Health professionals, particularly nurses, are recommended to involve families in efforts to improve maternal self-efficacy and the success of exclusive breastfeeding.
Abstrak
ASI eksklusif berperan penting dalam meningkatkan kesehatan ibu dan bayi serta mengurangi angka kematian bayi. Namun, cakupan ASI eksklusif di Indonesia masih belum optimal, termasuk di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Ambarawa yang hanya mencapai 52%. Ibu menyusui yang bekerja menghadapi hambatan berupa keterbatasan waktu, kurangnya fasilitas laktasi di tempat kerja, serta tekanan psikologis yang dapat menurunkan efikasi diri. Dukungan keluarga menjadi salah satu faktor eksternal yang mendorong peningkatan efikasi diri ibu menyusui, namun hasil penelitian sebelumya menunjukkan temuan yang berbeda-beda. Oleh karena itu, pemelitian ini dilakukan untuk memastikan hubungan antara dukungan keluarga dan efikasi diri pada ibu menyusui yang bekerja. Penelitian kuantitatif analitik korelasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional pada 86 ibu menyusui yang bekerja, dipilih dengan teknik total sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner baku Dukungan Keluarga dan Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF). Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji korelasi Pearson guna mengetahui hubungan antar variabel. Mayoritas responden berusia 20–35 tahun (93%), berpendidikan SMA/sederajat (58,1%), bekerja sebagai karyawan swasta (54,7%), dan memiliki dua anak (54,7%). Dukungan keluarga yang diterima responden tergolong sedang (52,3%), sedangkan efikasi diri ibu menyusui juga berada pada kategori sedang (83,7%). Hasil uji korelasi Pearson menunjukkan nilai p = 0,000 dan r = 0,614, yang berarti terdapat hubungan positif signifikan antara dukungan keluarga dengan efikasi diri ibu menyusui. Dukungan keluarga berhubungan signifikan dengan efikasi diri ibu menyusui yang bekerja. Tenaga kesehatan, khususnya perawat, disarankan melibatkan keluarga dalam upaya meningkatkan keberhasilan pemberian ASI eksklusif.
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