Hubungan Paritas dan Umur Kehamilan Terhadap Kejadian Anemia pada Ibu Hamil
The Relationship Between Parity and Gestational Age with the Incidence of Anemia in Pregnant Women
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35473/ijm.v9i1.4960Keywords:
anemia, ibu hamil, paritas, umur kehamilanAbstract
Anemia during pregnancy remains a public health problem that carries the risk of increasing maternal and neonatal morbidity, including preterm birth, low birth weight, and other obstetric complications. Parity and gestational age are thought to contribute to the incidence of anemia, but previous studies have shown inconsistent findings. This study aims to analyze the relationship between parity and gestational age with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. This study used an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach and utilized secondary data from the antenatal care (ANC) service register. The study population was all pregnant women registered at the TPMB "PA" in 2025. The sample was determined using a total sampling technique with 124 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis. The Chi-Square test was initially applied, and when the assumptions were not met (expected count <5), Fisher’s Exact Test was used with a significance level of p<0.05. The results showed no significant relationship between parity and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women (Fisher’s Exact test, p = 0.457). Similarly, gestational age was not significantly associated with the incidence of anemia (Fisher’s Exact test, p = 0.598). Parity and gestational age were not significantly associated with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. These findings indicate that anemia in pregnancy is multifactorial and may be influenced by other factors such as nutritional status, adherence to iron tablet consumption, and regular antenatal care (ANC) checkups. Therefore, anemia prevention efforts need to focus on optimizing nutritional needs, adherence to iron supplementation, and improving the quality of antenatal care.
Abstrak
Anemia selama kehamilan masih menjadi permasalahan kesehatan masyarakat yang berisiko meningkatkan morbiditas maternal dan neonatal, termasuk persalinan prematur, berat badan lahir rendah, serta komplikasi obstetri lainnya. Paritas dan umur kehamilan diduga berkontribusi terhadap kejadian anemia, namun hasil penelitian sebelumnya menujukkan temuan yang belum konsisten. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara paritas dan umur kehamilan dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional dan memanfaatkan data sekunder dari register pelayanan antenatal care (ANC). Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh ibu hamil yang tercatat di TPMB “PA” tahun 2025. Sampel ditentukan menggunakan teknik total sampling dengan jumlah responden 124 orang yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat. Uji Chi Square digunakan pada tahap awal, dan apabila asumsi tidak terpenuhi (frekuensi harapan <5) maka digunakan uji Fisher’s Exact dengan tingkat signifikansi p<0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara paritas dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil dengan (Fisher’s Exact test, p = 0.457). Demikian pula, umur kehamilan tidak berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kejadian anemia (Fisher’s Exact test, p = 0.598). Paritas dan umur kehamilan tidak berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa anemia pada kehamilan bersifat multifaktorial dan dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain seperti status gizi, kepatuhan konsumsi tablet Fe, serta keteraturan pemeriksaan ANC. Oleh karena itu, upaya pencegahan anemia perlu difokuskan pada optimalisasi pemenuhan gizi, kepatuhan suplementasi zat besi, dan peningkatan kualitas pelayanan antenatal.
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