Gambaran Status Gizi Balita di Posyandu Desa Selat Kabupaten Buleleng

Overview of Toddler Nutritional Status at Integrated Health Posts (Posyandu) in Selat Village, Buleleng Regency

Abstract

Malnutrition among toddlers remains a major public health concern in Indonesia, marked by the coexistence of undernutrition and overnutrition. This study aimed to describe the nutritional status of toddlers using height-for-age, weight-for-height, and weight-for-age indicators at Integrated Health Posts (Posyandu) in Selat Village, Buleleng Regency . This study applied a descriptive quantitative design with a total sampling approach. All toddlers who attended Posyandu activities and were recorded during the study period were included. A total of 214 toddlers from six Posyandu in Selat Village were analyzed. Secondary data were obtained from routine Posyandu records, including age, sex, body weight, and height. Nutritional status was assessed using the World Health Organization Child Growth Standards, and Z-scores were calculated with WHO Anthro software. Data analysis was conducted univariately and presented in the form of frequency distributions and percentages. The findings showed that most toddlers were in the 24–59 months age group. Based on height-for-age, the majority of toddlers had normal growth status, although cases of stunting and severe stunting were still identified across all Posyandu. Assessment using weight-for-height indicated that most toddlers had normal nutritional status, while undernutrition, overweight, and obesity were also observed. Similarly, weight-for-age analysis revealed that most toddlers had normal body weight, but underweight and risk of overweight conditions remained present. These results indicate a double burden of malnutrition in Selat Village. Strengthening routine growth monitoring, improving the competence of health workers and Posyandu cadres in anthropometric assessment, and enhancing parental nutrition education are essential to prevent and manage nutritional problems among toddlers.

Abstrak

Masalah gizi pada anak balita masih menjadi isu kesehatan masyarakat yang penting di Indonesia, ditandai dengan masih ditemukannya kondisi stunting, wasting, underweight, serta overweight. Ketidakseimbangan antara asupan zat gizi dan kebutuhan tubuh pada masa balita dapat berdampak pada hambatan pertumbuhan fisik, gangguan perkembangan kognitif, serta peningkatan risiko kesakitan dan kematian pada usia dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan status gizi balita berdasarkan indikator tinggi badan menurut umur (TB/U), berat badan menurut tinggi badan (BB/TB), dan berat badan menurut umur (BB/U) di Posyandu Desa Selat, Kabupaten Buleleng. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan menggunakan teknik total sampling, yaitu melibatkan seluruh balita yang tercatat dan hadir pada kegiatan posyandu saat penelitian dilaksanakan. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 214 balita yang tersebar di enam posyandu, yaitu Posyandu Dauh Margi Srilestari II, Angsoka I, Melati, Mawar, Teratai, dan Sakura. Data diperoleh dari pencatatan kegiatan posyandu yang meliputi umur, jenis kelamin, berat badan, dan tinggi badan balita. Penilaian status gizi dilakukan menggunakan standar antropometri WHO berdasarkan nilai Z-score. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar balita berada pada kelompok usia 24–59 bulan. Berdasarkan indikator TB/U, mayoritas balita memiliki tinggi badan normal, namun masih ditemukan balita dengan kategori pendek dan sangat pendek di seluruh posyandu. Penilaian status gizi berdasarkan indikator BB/TB menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar balita berada pada kategori gizi baik, meskipun masih terdapat balita dengan gizi kurang, gizi lebih, dan obesitas. Sementara itu, berdasarkan indikator BB/U, sebagian besar balita memiliki berat badan normal, namun masih dijumpai balita dengan berat badan kurang serta risiko berat badan lebih.