Dukungan Keluarga pada Anak Retardasi Mental: Literatur Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35473/ijnr.v4i2.1194Abstract
Mentally retarded children are those with below average intelligence since developmental years and have deficits in their social skills. This study used a literature review design. The inclusion criteria in this study were articles with the last 5 years of publication and full text was available. The samples in this study were children with mental retardation, deaf children, autistic children, and children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The data collection instruments used included a family support questionnaire, a self-concept questionnaire, a community support questionnaire, a quality of life questionnaire, a social skills questionnaire, and an observation sheet. The search was carried out using Googel Scholar, Ebscohost, Proquest and then obtained 10 articles that met the criteria. The article reviewed has four family supports namely: emotional support, appraisal, appreciation, and instrumental. The results of the literature review found that family support has a positive impact on children with mental retardation, such as helping to independent children in doing oral hygiene, helping children to increase energy intake, improving children's social skills, increasing self-care independence, and improving children's quality of life. Families, especially parents, are expected to be able to maximize the four family supports for children with mental retardation.
References
American Association Intellectual Development Disabilities. (2007).
Friedman. (2010). Buku Ajar Keperawatan Keluarga : Riset, Teori, dan Praktek. (5th ed.). Jakarta: EGC.
Harnilawati. (2013). Konsep dan Proses Keperawatan Keluarga. Sulawesi Selatan: Pustaka Assalam.
Hidayat, A. (2009). Pengantar Keperawatan Anak 1. Jakarta: Salemba Medika.
Hoang, N. (2018). Social Support among Parents of Children with ADHD in Vietnam: Psychometric Properties of the Family Support Scale, 96, 21–41.
Indrijati, H. (2016). Psikologi Perkembangan dan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Jakarta: Kencana. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.id/books?id=JuG2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA130&dq=anak+retardasi+mental&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwir2e-L_Z_mAhUCSX0KHe4oDmMQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=anak retardasi mental&f=false
Kelen, M. P., & Pasaribu, J. (2018). Dukungan Keluarga dan Masyarakat terhadap Konsep Diri Siswa Tunagrahita. Jurnal Perawat Indonesia, 2(2), 83–92.
Maidartati, Hayati, S., & Aminah, E. S. (2019). Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Kemandirian Perawatan Diri Anak Retardasi Mental Ringan-Sedang di SLB Cicalengka. Jurnal Keperawatan Galuh, 1-Nomor 2, 86–95.
Mira, I. B. A., & Roselló, C. B. B. (2019). Family Factors and Communicative Skills in Children with Autism Without Intellectual Disability. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, (0123456789). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04216-5
Muhtar, M. Y. (2016). Aku ABK, Aku Bisa Shalat. Jakarta: Gramedia. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.id/books?id=CsdGDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA5&dq=definisi+retardasi+mental&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiV3ebl25_mAhVCbn0KHUL_DtEQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q&f=false
Munadhifah, D. S., & Hartini, S. (2018). Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Kemandirian Oral Hygiene Anak Tunagrahita di Sekolah Luar Biasa Negeri Kaliwungu Kudus. Jurnal Stikes Cendekia Utama Kudus.
Nur’aeni. (2017). Buku Ajar Psikologi Pendidikan Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus. (A. S. Nugroho, Ed.). Purwolerto: UM Purwokerto Press.
Paramashanti, B. A., Rakhman, A., & Endriyani, L. (2016). Dukungan Keluarga Berhubungan dengan Asupan Energi Anak Retardasi Mental di SLB Negeri 01 Kabupaten Bantul. Jurnal Ners Dan Kebidanan Indonesia, 001, 163–168.
Pudjibudojo, J. K., Handadari, W., Wulandari, P. Y., Kesumaningsari, N. P. A., Bawono, Y., Sugiarto, H. W., … Warni, W. E. (2019). Bunga Rampai Psikologi Perkembangan: Memahami Dinamika Perkembangan Anak. Sidoarjo: Zifatama Jawara. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.id/books?id=8OGkDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA153&dq=definisi+anak+sehat&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjLsfWG7p_mAhVEjuYKHShwDrkQ6AEIKzAA#v=onepage&q=definisi anak sehat&f=false
Retnaningsih, D., & Dini, I. K. (2016). Analisis Dukungan Keluarga dengan Beban Orangtua dalam Merawat Anak Penyandang Cacat Tingkat SD di SLB Negeri Semarang. Jurnal Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Widya Husada, Volume 1 N, 98–105.
S, L. P., & Hendriani, W. (2018). Peran Dukungan Keluarga dan Konsep Diri Terhadap Peningkatan Keterampilan Sosial Anak Tunarungu Di Sekolah Inklusif. Philanthropy Journal Of Psychology, 2, 37–54.
Twistiandayani, R., & Handika, S. R. (2015). Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Penerimaan Diri Ibu yang Memiliki Anak Autis. Jurnals of Ners Community, Volume 06, 143–149.
Vilaseca, R., Gr, M., Beltran, F. S., Dalmau, M., Alomar, E., Adam-alcocer, A. L., & Sim, D. (2017). Needs and Supports of People with Intellectual Disability and Their Families in Catalonia, 33–46.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access)
