Determinan Sosial dan Intervensi dalam Kesehatan: Scoping Review Tentang Populasi Rentan dan Pendekatan Edukasional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35473/ijnr.v8i1.3986Keywords:
Determinan Sosial Kesehatan, Populasi Rentan, Pendidikan Kesehatan, Kesehatan Lingkungan, Ketimpangan KesehatanAbstract
Public health is influenced by complex, interrelated social, economic, and environmental determinants. Vulnerable populations, including socioeconomically marginalised individuals, ethnic minorities, migrants, refugees, children, and older adults, often face significant barriers to accessing quality health services. This scoping review aims to: (1) identify and analyse key social determinants that influence the health of vulnerable populations; (2) assess the effectiveness of health education interventions in different contexts and populations; (3) explore the role of technology and innovation in health education; and (4) identify gaps in the literature and directions for future research. The analysis shows that environmental factors (ventilation, housing density, sanitation infrastructure), socioeconomic factors (poverty, marginalisation, conflict), and access to education play a significant role in determining the health of vulnerable populations. The synthesis of evidence suggests that educational approaches, when tailored to the specific needs of target populations and integrated with interventions that address underlying social determinants, can be powerful tools for improving health outcomes and reducing disparities.
Abstrak
Kesehatan masyarakat dipengaruhi oleh faktor penentu sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan yang kompleks dan saling terkait. Populasi rentan, termasuk individu yang terpinggirkan secara sosial ekonomi, etnis minoritas, migran, pengungsi, anak-anak, dan orang dewasa yang lebih tua, sering menghadapi hambatan yang signifikan untuk mengakses layanan kesehatan yang berkualitas. Tujuan: Tinjauan cakupan ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis faktor penentu sosial utama yang memengaruhi kesehatan populasi rentan; (2) menilai efektivitas intervensi pendidikan kesehatan dalam konteks dan populasi yang berbeda; (3) mengeksplorasi peran teknologi dan inovasi dalam pendidikan kesehatan; dan (4) mengidentifikasi kesenjangan dalam literatur dan arah untuk penelitian di masa mendatang. Metode: Analisis menunjukkan bahwa faktor lingkungan (ventilasi, kepadatan perumahan, infrastruktur sanitasi), faktor sosial ekonomi (kemiskinan, marginalisasi, konflik), dan akses ke pendidikan memainkan peran penting dalam menentukan kesehatan populasi rentan. Kesimpulan: Sintesis bukti menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan pendidikan, jika disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan spesifik populasi sasaran dan diintegrasikan dengan intervensi yang mengatasi determinan sosial yang mendasarinya, dapat menjadi alat yang ampuh untuk meningkatkan hasil kesehatan dan mengurangi kesenjangan.
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