Di Luar Masa Kehamilan: Menerapkan Hierarki Pengendalian Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja (K3) untuk Melindungi Karyawan yang Menyusui di Tempat Kerja
Beyond Pregnancy: Reinterpreting the Occupational Health and Safety Hierarchy of Controls as a Workplace Breastfeeding Support Framework
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35473/ijnr.v9i2.4607Keywords:
breastfeeding, lactation, occupational health, workplaceAbstract
Breastfeeding promotion efforts have traditionally focused on pregnancy, childbirth, and the immediate postpartum period through initiatives such as antenatal education, maternity services, and the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI). However, many mothers encounter challenges in sustaining breastfeeding after returning to work, where organisational, environmental, and cultural barriers may contribute to early breastfeeding cessation. Despite growing recognition of workplace breastfeeding support, existing interventions are often implemented in isolation and lack a systematic framework for prioritisation and integration. This paper presents a nursing perspective on extending breastfeeding support beyond healthcare settings by proposing a conceptual workplace breastfeeding support framework informed by Total Worker Health (TWH) principles and operationalised through a reinterpretation of the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Hierarchy of Controls. Rather than conceptualising breastfeeding as an occupational hazard, the framework applies the hierarchy as an intervention prioritisation tool for addressing workplace barriers that hinder breastfeeding continuation among employed mothers. The proposed outcomes include breastfeeding continuation, maternal well-being, infant health, employee retention, and gender equity. By integrating maternal-child health and occupational health perspectives, the framework highlights the shared responsibilities of employers, occupational health practitioners, nurses, and policymakers in supporting breastfeeding employees. Extending breastfeeding support into workplace settings may contribute to healthier families, improved workforce sustainability, and more equitable employment practices.
Abstrak
Promosi pemberian ASI secara tradisional berfokus pada kehamilan, persalinan, dan periode pascapersalinan melalui inisiatif seperti pendidikan antenatal, layanan persalinan, dan Inisiatif Rumah Sakit Ramah Bayi (BFHI). Namun, banyak ibu menghadapi tantangan dalam mempertahankan pemberian ASI setelah kembali bekerja, di mana hambatan organisasi, lingkungan, dan budaya dapat berkontribusi pada penghentian pemberian ASI dini. Meskipun bukti terhadap dukungan pemberian ASI di tempat kerja semakin meningkat, intervensi yang ada sering kali diimplementasikan secara terpisah dan kurang memiliki kerangka kerja sistematis untuk prioritas dan integrasi. Makalah ini menyajikan perspektif keperawatan tentang perluasan dukungan pemberian ASI di luar lingkungan perawatan kesehatan dengan mengusulkan kerangka kerja konseptual dukungan pemberian ASI di tempat kerja yang didasarkan pada prinsip-prinsip Kesehatan Pekerja Total (TWH) dan dioperasionalkan melalui reinterpretasi Hierarki Pengendalian Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja (OHS). Kerangka kerja ini menerapkan hierarki tersebut sebagai alat prioritas intervensi untuk mengatasi hambatan di tempat kerja yang menghambat keberlanjutan pemberian ASI di kalangan ibu yang bekerja. Hasil yang diusulkan meliputi keberlanjutan pemberian ASI, kesejahteraan ibu, kesehatan bayi, retensi karyawan, dan kesetaraan gender. Dengan mengintegrasikan perspektif kesehatan ibu dan anak serta kesehatan kerja, kerangka kerja ini menyoroti tanggung jawab bersama dari pemberi kerja, praktisi kesehatan kerja, perawat, dan pembuat kebijakan dalam mendukung karyawan yang menyusui. Memperluas dukungan menyusui ke lingkungan kerja dapat berkontribusi pada keluarga yang lebih sehat, peningkatan keberlanjutan tenaga kerja, dan praktik ketenagakerjaan yang lebih adil.
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