Rendam Kaki Air Hangat terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah pada Pasien Hipertensi: Studi Kasus
Warm-Water Foot Soaks for Blood Pressure Reduction in Hypertensive Patients: A Case Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35473/ijnr.v9i2.5053Keywords:
Hypertension, Warm Water Foot Soak, Blood Pressure, Nursing InterventionAbstract
Hypertension increases the risk of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and renal complications. Warm water foot soaking is a non-pharmacological therapy that may reduce blood pressure through vasodilation, improved circulation, and relaxation. Objective: This study aimed to analyse the effect of warm water foot soaking on blood pressure among hypertensive patients in the Aster Ward, Tjitrowardojo General Hospital, Purworejo. This quantitative case study used a one-group pre-test post-test design. Five respondents were selected using purposive sampling. Blood pressure was measured before and after a 15-minute warm water foot soaking intervention at 38–40°C. Data were analysed using a paired t-test. The results showed a significant reduction in blood pressure after the intervention. Mean systolic blood pressure decreased by 12.40 mmHg (p = 0.003) and mean diastolic blood pressure decreased by 6.60 mmHg (p= 0.004). Conclusion: Warm water foot soaking may be used as a simple non-pharmacological nursing intervention to help reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients. The main limitation of this study was the small sample size.
Abstrak
Hipertensi meningkatkan risiko komplikasi kardiovaskular, serebrovaskular, dan ginjal. Rendam kaki dengan air hangat merupakan terapi nonfarmakologis yang dapat menurunkan tekanan darah melalui vasodilatasi, perbaikan sirkulasi, dan relaksasi. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh rendam kaki dengan air hangat terhadap tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi di Bangsal Aster, RSUD Tjitrowardojo, Purworejo. Studi kasus kuantitatif ini menggunakan desain one-group pre-test post-test. Lima responden dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Tekanan darah diukur sebelum dan sesudah intervensi rendam kaki dengan air hangat bersuhu 38–40°C selama 15 menit. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji-t berpasangan (paired t-test). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan tekanan darah yang signifikan setelah intervensi. Rerata tekanan darah sistolik menurun sebesar 12,40 mmHg (p = 0,003) dan rerata tekanan darah diastolik menurun sebesar 6,60 mmHg (p = 0,004). Kesimpulan: Rendam kaki dengan air hangat dapat digunakan sebagai intervensi keperawatan nonfarmakologis yang sederhana untuk membantu menurunkan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi. Keterbatasan utama dari penelitian ini adalah ukuran sampel yang kecil.
References
A.Theresia, Fruitasari, M. K. F., & Windahandayani, V. Y. (2026). Penerapan Terapi Rendam Kaki Air Hangat dalam Menurunkan Tekanan Darah pada Pasien Hipertensi. Vitamin : Jurnal ilmu Kesehatan Umum, 4(2), 33-45. doi:10.61132/vitamin.v4i2.2138
Andika, G. A., & Graharti, R. (2025). Update on Hypertension Guidelines: A Literature Review. Medical Profession Journal of Lampung, 15(3), 580-585.
Anggita Trianaputri, R., & Rantung, J. (2025). Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Risiko Terjadinya Hipertensi pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan di Universitas Advent Indonesia. Jurnal Impresi Indonesia, 4(4), 1199-1208. doi:10.58344/jii.v4i4.6435
Angraini, R., Irwan, A. M., & Arafat, R. (2021). Efek Pemberian Hydrotherapy untuk Menurunkan Tekanan Darah pada Pasien Hipertensi: Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur. Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan, 3(6), 900-908. doi:10.25026/jsk.v3i6.647
Angraini, R., Irwan, A. M., & Arafat, R. (2023). Effectiveness of hydrotherapy to lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients: a systematic review. Int J Caring Sci, 16(3), 1237-1253.
Apriyani, A., Dewi, T. K., & Ludiana, L. (2025). Implementasi Rendam Kaki Air Hangat Dan Jahe Merah Terhadap Tekanan Darah Pada Pasien Hipertensi. Jurnal A.Theresia, Fruitasari, M. K. F., & Windahandayani, V. Y. (2026). Penerapan Terapi Rendam Kaki Air Hangat dalam Menurunkan Tekanan Darah pada Pasien Hipertensi. Vitamin : Jurnal ilmu Kesehatan Umum, 4(2), 33-45. doi:10.61132/vitamin.v4i2.2138
Andika, G. A., & Graharti, R. (2025). Update on Hypertension Guidelines: A Literature Review. Medical Profession Journal of Lampung, 15(3), 580-585.
Anggita Trianaputri, R., & Rantung, J. (2025). Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Risiko Terjadinya Hipertensi pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan di Universitas Advent Indonesia. Jurnal Impresi Indonesia, 4(4), 1199-1208. doi:10.58344/jii.v4i4.6435
Angraini, R., Irwan, A. M., & Arafat, R. (2021). Efek Pemberian Hydrotherapy untuk Menurunkan Tekanan Darah pada Pasien Hipertensi: Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur. Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan, 3(6), 900-908. doi:10.25026/jsk.v3i6.647
Angraini, R., Irwan, A. M., & Arafat, R. (2023). Effectiveness of hydrotherapy to lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients: a systematic review. Int J Caring Sci, 16(3), 1237-1253.
Apriyani, A., Dewi, T. K., & Ludiana, L. (2025). Implementasi Rendam Kaki Air Hangat Dan Jahe Merah Terhadap Tekanan Darah Pada Pasien Hipertensi. Jurnal Cendikia Muda, 5(1), 39-48.
Arifin, N., & Mustofa, A. (2021). Penerapan rendam kaki air hangat untuk menurunkan tekanan darah pada lansia hipertensi. Ners Muda, 2(3). doi:10.26714/nm.v2i3.8133
Chayati, N., Haris, F., Alfiani, M., & Kusumawaty, J. (2024). Penguatan Kapasitas Anggota Keluarga dalam Pendampingan dan Perawatan Orang Sakit di Rumah. Jurnal SOLMA(Vol. 13 No. 3 (2024)), 1753-1758. Retrieved from https://journal.uhamka.ac.id/index.php/solma/article/view/16010/4912
Cheraghi, Z., Azmi-Naei, B., Cheraghi, P., & Doosti-Irani, A. (2025). The global prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health, 25(1), 4259. doi:10.1186/s12889-025-25553-4
Connelly, P. J., Currie, G., & Delles, C. (2022). Sex Differences in the Prevalence, Outcomes and Management of Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep, 24(6), 185-192. doi:10.1007/s11906-022-01183-8
Dareda, K., Iman, D. P., & Wicaksana, M. W. (2023). The effect of foot soak therapy using warm water on reducing blood pressure in hypertension patients. Jurnal EduHealth, 14(04), 656-662.
Dasuki, D., Maulani, M., & Zulni, M. (2018). Pengaruh Pemberian Jus Buah Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa Bilimbi L.) terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah pada Penderita Hipertensi di Puskesmas Rawasari Kota Jambi. Jurnal Wacana Kesehatan, 3(1).
Fadlilah, S., Erwanto, R., Sucipto, A., Anita, D. C., & Aminah, S. (2020). Soak feet with warm water and progressive muscle relaxation therapy on blood pressure in hypertension elderly. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 14(3), 1444-1448.
Julianto, J. D., Yuliana, N., & Mirasari, T. (2022). Pengaruh Rendam Kaki Air Hangat terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah Penderita Hipertensi pada Usia Pertengahan dan Lansia di Desa Genggong. Jurnal Stethoscope, 3(1).
Laksmidewi, G. A., & Mustofa, A. (2023). Terapi rendam kaki dengan rebusan air jahe merah (zingiber officinale var rubrum rhizoma) untuk menurunkan tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi. Ners Muda, 4(1). doi:10.26714/nm.v4i1.11270
Librianty, R., Lismidiati, W., & Pangastuti, H. S. (2025). The Effect of Hydrotherapy (Warm Water Feet Soaks) on Blood Pressure in Hypertension Patients. Journal of Nursing Care, 8(2), 60-65.
Loke, K. B. (2023). Pengaruh Rendam Kaki Air Hangat Dengan Campuran Garam Terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah Pad Pasien Hipertensi Tingkat I Di Sendangmulyo. Paper presented at the Proceeding Widya Husada Nursing Conference.
Maqsood, M. H., Messerli, F. H., Skolnick, A. H., Newman, J. D., Berger, J. S., & Bangalore, S. (2023). Timing of Antihypertensive Drug Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Hypertension, 80(7), 1544-1554. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.20862
Muli, S., Meisinger, C., Heier, M., Thorand, B., Peters, A., & Amann, U. (2020). Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in older people: results from the population-based KORA-age 1 study. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1049. doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09165-8
Ojukwu, G., Ezike, A. N., Chukwu, V. U., Nnabude, O. H., Oghotuoma, O. O., Nwauwa, O., . . . Mokwe, C. (2025). Management of Elevated Blood Pressure and Hypertension in Hospitalized Non-hypertensive Patients: A Systematic Guideline Review. Cureus, 17(6), e85904. doi:10.7759/cureus.85904
Pradono, J., Kusumawardani, N., & Rachmalina, R. (2020). Hipertensi Pembunuh Terselubung Di Indonesia.
Putri, A. A., Ludiana, L., & Ayubbana, S. (2023). Penerapan rendam kaki air hangat terhadap tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi di wilayah kerja UPTD Puskesmas Rawat Inap Banjarsari Kota Metro. Jurnal Cendikia Muda, 3(1), 23-31.
Relawati, A., & Kurniawan, M. (2021). Dominant factors which affecting the quality of life of hypertension patients in rural and sub-urban area in Yogyakarta. Bali Medical Journal, 10(3), 1173-1177. doi:10.15562/bmj.v10i3.2864
Ren, W., Xu, L., Zheng, X., Pu, F., Li, D., & Fan, Y. (2021). Effect of different thermal stimuli on improving microcirculation in the contralateral foot. Biomed Eng Online, 20(1), 14. doi:10.1186/s12938-021-00849-9
Sirait, D. M., Saragih, M. U. M., & Sitohang, N. A. (2024). EFEKTIVITAS TERAPI RENDAM KAKI AIR HANGAT TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA PASIEN HIPERTENSI SEBAGAI PENERAPAN HOLISTIC CARE: A LITERATURE REVIEW. Al-Asalmiya Nursing: Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan (Journal of Nursing Sciences), 13(1), 93-106.
Siringoringo, M., Elisabeth, E., & Dzulkifli, D. (2025). Efektifitas Pemberian Terapi Rendam Kaki Air Hangat Pada Penderita Hipertensi Dalam Menurunkan Tekanan Darah Di Puskesmas Juata Permai Kota Tarakan Kalimantan Utara. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Pencerah, 14(2), 11-20.
Sudiartawan, I. P., & Adnyana, I. (2022). Efficacy of hydrotherapy soak feet in lowering blood pressure of hypertension sufferers in Dauhwaru Village, Jembrana. Science Midwifery, 10(4), 2954-2962.
Sujana, E., Listyorini, M. W., Ponirah, P., & Iksan, R. R. (2022). Literatur Review: Pengaruh Pemberian Jus Belimbing Terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah Pada Pasien Hipertensi. Malahayati Nursing Journal, 5(2), 443-452. doi:10.33024/mnj.v5i2.5937
Survei Kesehatan Indonesia. (2023). kementerian kesehatan.
Tasya Aprilia, P., Oktafany, O., & Citra Yuliyanda, P. (2026). Hubungan Kepatuhan Minum Obat dengan Tekanan Darah pada Pasien Hipertensi: Literatur Review. OBAT: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan, 4(1), 103-111. doi:10.61132/obat.v4i1.2053
Warijan, W., Wahyudi, T., Astuti, Y., & Rahayu, R. D. (2021). Nursing care of hypertension in the elderly with a focus on study of activity intolerance in dr. r. soetijono blora hospital. Jurnal Studi Keperawatan, 2(1), 13-22.
Warisyu, B., Nurachmah, E., & Maria, R. (2023). Effects of Warm Water Foot Soak Therapy on Blood Pressure in Hypertension Sufferers: A Narrative Review. Jurnal Berita Ilmu Keperawatan, 16(1), 2023.
WHO. (2025). Hypertension. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension
Wilson, L. M., Herzig, S. J., Steinman, M. A., Schonberg, M. A., Cluett, J. L., Marcantonio, E. R., & Anderson, T. S. (2024). Management of Inpatient Elevated Blood Pressures : A Systematic Review of Clinical Practice Guidelines. Ann Intern Med, 177(4), 497-506. doi:10.7326/M23-3251
Wu, T., Zhou, L., Liao, X., He, Y., Xu, R., & Luo, D. (2024). Efficacy and safety of chinese herbal foot bath for hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med, 81, 103029. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2024.103029
Zhang, Y., Yang, H., Ren, M., Wang, R., Zhao, F., Liu, T., . . . Cong, H. (2021). Distribution of risk factors of hypertension patients in different age groups in Tianjin. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 247. doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10250-9
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access)
