Penetapan Kadar Flavonoid Total Ekstrak Etanol Biji Pinang (Areca catechu L.) Menggunakan Metode AlCl3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35473/ijpnp.v4i1.888Keywords:
flavonoid, metode AlCl3, ekstrak, purifikasiAbstract
Pinang merupakan tanaman yang banyak tersedia di Indonesia dan memiliki berbagai manfaat. Pemanfaatan air rebusan biji pinang digunakan masyarakat dalam membersihkan dan menyembuhkan luka infeksi. Biji pinang mengandung senyawa fenolik seperti flavonoid, tannin, asam galat, katekin, beta-sitosterol, gum dan asam amino. Biji pinang dilakukan purifikasi untuk mengilangkan zat ballast yang tidak dibutuhkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menetapkan kadar flavonoid total ekstrak kasar dan ekstrak terpurifikasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penetapan kadar adalah metode kolorimetri AlCl3. Penetapan kadar flavonoid dilakukan pada panjang gelombang 413,5 nm dengan standar baku pembanding kuersetin. Plot hubungan antara konsentrasi kuersetin versus absorbansi diperoleh persamaan kurva baku sebesar y = 0,0088x – 0,17 dengan nilai R2 sebesar 0,9998. Uji kualitatif menunjukkan ekstrak biji pinang tanpa purifikasi, dengan perlakuan purifikasi n-heksan dan etil asetat mengandung metabolit sekunder diantaranya flavonoid, saponin, tannin dan fenol. Purifikasi pelarut n-heksan didapatkan hasil rendemen lebih banyak dibandingkan ekstrak yang dipurifikasi dengan pelarut etil asetat. Kadar flavonoid ekstrak tanpa purifikasi, ekstrak purifikasi pelarut n-heksan dan etil asetat berturut – turut sebesar 69,13 ; 130,3 ; dan 94,73 mgQE/g. Hal tersebut sebanding dengan perolehan % rendemen tertinggi diperoleh dari ekstrak terpurifikasi n-heksan. Purifikasi pada ekstrak akan menyebabkan hilangnya zat ballast dalam ekstrak sehingga kandungan flavonoid pada ekstrak akan lebih tinggi.
Kata kunci : flavonoid, metode AlCl3, ekstrak, purifikasi
Areca nut is a plant that is widely available in Indonesia and has various benefits. Utilization of boiled betel nut water is used by the community to clean and heal infected wounds. Betel nuts contain phenolic compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, gallic acid, catechins, beta-sitosterol, gum, and amino acids. Areca seeds are purified to remove unnecessary ballast substances. This study aims to determine the total flavonoid levels of crude extract and purified extract. The method used in the assay is the AlCl3 colorimetric method. Determination of flavonoid levels was carried out at a wavelength of 413.5 nm with a quercetin standard. The plot of the relationship between quercetin concentration versus absorbance obtained a standard curve equation of y = 0.0088x - 0.17 with an R2 value of 0.9998. The qualitative test showed that betel nut extract without purification, with purification treatment of n-hexane and ethyl acetate, contained secondary metabolites including flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and phenols. The purification of the n-hexane solvent obtained more yields than the extract purified with ethyl acetate solvent. The flavonoid levels of the extract without purification, the purified extract of n-hexane and ethyl acetate were 69.13; 130.3; and 94.73 mg QE / g. This is comparable to the highest% yield obtained from purified extracts of n-hexane. Purification of the extract will cause the loss of ballast substances in the extract so that the flavonoid content in the extract will be higher.
Keywords: flavonoids, AlCl3Â method, extract, purification
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