Faktor Risiko Maternal Kejadian Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR) di Rumah Sakit Umum (RSU) Anutapura Palu

Abstract

Low Birth Weight Infants (LBW) incidents occur in many developing countries and contribute to various health problems. Based on epidemiological studies, infants weighing <2,500 grams are 20 times more likely to die than babies weighing> 2,500 grams. Neonatal mortality and morbidity, stunted cognitive growth and development, and various chronic diseases later in life, are closely related to LBW. The quality of life for future generations is greatly influenced by the incidence of LBW, because the growth and development of children will experience obstacles which result in decreased children's intelligence. Maternal factors and fetal factors are two factors that outline the incidence of LBW. The research objective was to determine the maternal risk factors associated with the incidence of LBW at Anutapura Hospital, Palu. This type of research is analytic observational with case control study design. The population is mothers who gave birth between Januari-Oktober 2019 at Anutapura Hospital, Palu. The sampling technique was purposive sampling technique. The results showed that the factors that were proven as risk factors for LBW were maternal age (OR = 3.34, 95% CI 1.76-6.34), parity (OR = 2.72, 95% CI 1.42-5, 23), pregnancy interval (OR = 4.18, 95% CI 2.17-8.05) and pregnancy complications (OR = 3.06, 95% CI 1.45-6.44). The results of multivariate analysis show pregnancy interval as the most dominant risk factor.It is necessary to increase the program to prevent the incidence of LBW for the community through comprehensive and sustainable health education.

 

Abstrak

Kejadian BBLR banyak terjadi di negara-negara berkembang dan berkontribusi pada berbagai masalah kesehatan. Berdasarkan penelitian epidemiologi bayi dengan berat <2.500 gram 20 kali lebih mungkin meninggal dibandingkan bayi berat >2.500 gram. Mortalitas dan morbiditas neonatal, pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kognitif yang terhambat,  serta berbagai penyakit kronis di kemudian hari, berkaitan erat dengan BBLR. Kualitas hidup generasi mendatang sangat dipengaruhi kejadian BBLR, karena pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak akan mengalami hambatan yang berakibat menurunnya kecerdasan anak. Faktor maternal dan faktor janin merupakan dua faktor yang secara garis besar mempengaruhi kejadian BBLR. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui faktor risiko maternal yang berhubungan dengan kejadian BBLR di RSU Anutapura Palu. Jenis penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan studi kasus kontrol. Populasi adalah ibu yang melahirkan dalam kurun waktu Januari-Oktober 2019 di RSU Anutapura Palu. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor yang terbukti sebagai faktor risiko BBLR adalah usia ibu (OR=3,34, 95% CI 1,76-6,34), paritas (OR=2,72, 95% CI 1,42-5,23), jarak kehamilan (OR=4,18, 95% CI 2,17-8,05) dan komplikasi kehamilan (OR=3,06, 95% CI 1,45-6,44). Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukan jarak kehamilan sebagai faktor risiko yang paling dominan. Perlu adanya peningkatan program pencegahan kejadian BBLR kepada masyarakat melalui pendidikan kesehatan secara menyeluruh dan berkelanjutan.