Efektivitas Intervensi Gizi Terpadu Terhadap Penurunan Stunting di Indonesia: Tinjauan Sistematis
Effectiveness of Integrated Nutrition Interventions on Reducing Stunting in Indonesia: A Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35473/ijm.v9i2.5041Keywords:
Stunting, intervensi gizi terpadu, status gizi anak, pencegahan stunting, tinjauan sistematisAbstract
Stunting remains a significant public health problem in Indonesia and is influenced by various factors, such as inadequate nutritional intake, suboptimal parenting practices, and limited access to food and health services. Integrated nutrition interventions that integrate nutrition education, supplementary feeding, health behavior changes, and increased family food security are considered an important strategy to comprehensively address the determinants of stunting. This systematic review used the PRISMA method, searching articles from Science Direct, Semantic Scholar, and PubMed databases published between 2015 and 2025. Nine scientific articles were analyzed out of 745 found to understand the effectiveness of integrated nutrition interventions on stunting in Indonesia. The review results indicate that integrated nutrition interventions improve energy and protein adequacy, dietary diversity, and parental nutrition knowledge and practices. Several studies also reported improvements in anthropometric indicators such as the Height-for-Age Z-score (HAZ) and a reduction in stunting prevalence, although the impact on linear growth was not always significant in the short term. Integrated nutrition interventions are effective in improving the main determinants of stunting and have the potential to support accelerated stunting reduction in Indonesia.
Abstrak
Stunting masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang signifikan di Indonesia dan dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor seperti asupan gizi yang tidak adekuat, praktik pengasuhan yang kurang optimal, serta keterbatasan akses pangan dan layanan kesehatan. Intervensi gizi terpadu yang mengintegrasikan edukasi gizi, pemberian makanan tambahan, perubahan perilaku kesehatan, dan peningkatan ketahanan pangan keluarga dipandang sebagai strategi penting untuk mengatasi determinan stunting secara komprehensif. Tinjauan sistematis ini menggunakan metode PRISMA dengan melakukan pencarian artikel dari database Science Direct, Semantic Scholar, dan PubMed, yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2015 hingga 2025. sebanyak 9 artikel ilmiah dianalisis dari 745 artikel yang ditemui untuk memahami efektivitas intervensi gizi terpadu terhadap stunting di Indonesia. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan bahwa intervensi gizi terpadu meningkatkan kecukupan energi dan protein, keragaman pangan, serta pengetahuan dan praktik pengasuhan gizi pada orang tua. Beberapa studi juga melaporkan peningkatan indikator antropometri seperti Height-for-Age Z-score (HAZ) dan penurunan prevalensi stunting, meskipun dampak terhadap pertumbuhan linear tidak selalu signifikan dalam jangka pendek. Intervensi gizi terpadu efektif dalam memperbaiki determinan utama stunting dan berpotensi mendukung percepatan penurunan stunting di Indonesia.
Downloads
References
Anggraini, D. N. (2023). Evaluation of Integrated Nutritional Intervention in Cases of Stunting with Chronic Skin Infections. Journal of Medical and Health Studies, 111–118. https://doi.org/10.32996/jmhs
Danaei, G., Andrews, K., Sudfeld, C., Fink, G., McCoy, D., Peet, E., Sania, A., Fawzi, M. S., Ezzati, M., & Fawzi, W. (2016). Risk Factors for Childhood Stunting in 137 Developing Countries: A Comparative Risk Assessment Analysis at Global, Regional, and Country Levels. PLoS Medicine, 13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002164
Dasmasela, M. K., Dewi, M., & Ekayanti, I. (2025). Local Food-Based Supplementation and Behavior Change Communication Improve Mid-Upper Arm Circumference ( MUAC ) in Pregnant Women : A Community-Based Intervention Study. Journal of Health and Nutrition Research, 4(3).
Dwi, A., Setyawan, R., Setyawan, T., & Sucipto, E. (2025). The Impact of Multisectoral Nutrition Interventions on Stunting Rates Among Children Under Five Years Old: A Systematic Review. The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research. https://doi.org/10.70070/6qvzst80
Effendy, D. S., Prangthip, P., Winichagoon, P., & Kwanbunjan, K. (2020). Nutrition education in Southeast Sulawesi Province , Indonesia : A cluster randomized controlled study. Matern Child Nutr, November 2019, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13030
Elisaria, E., Mrema, J., Bogale, T., Segafredo, G., & Festo, C. (2020). Effectiveness of integrated nutrition interventions on childhood stunting: a quasi-experimental evaluation design. BMC Nutrition, 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-021-00421-7
Fahmida, U., Htet, M. K., Ferguson, E., Do, T. T., Buanasita, A., Titaley, C., Alam, A., Sutrisna, A., 2, M. L., Ariawan, I., & Dibley, M. J. (2020). Effect of an Integrated Package of Nutrition Behavior Change Interventions on Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices and Child Growth from Birth to 18 Months: Cohort Evaluation of the Baduta Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial in East Java, Indonesia. Nutrients, 49, 1–16.
Harahap, D. A., Apriyanti, F., Syahda, S., Nur, A., & Harahap, M. H. (2025). Quasi-Experimental Investigation of Nutritional Interventions and Cognitive Advancement in Stunted Children. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(4), 1116–1123. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i4.10973
Hutajulu, P., & Ditaelis, W. (2025). Nutritional Interventions During Pregnancy and Their Impact on Neonatal Stunting: A Systematic Review of Evidence from Low and Middle-Income Countries. International Journal Of Health Science. https://doi.org/10.55606/ijhs.v5i3.6048
Ilmi, B. (2023). ANALISIS STRATEGI PENURUNAN ANGKA STUNTING KABUPATEN ACEH TENGGARA TAHUN 2021. Jurnal Penelitian Progresif. https://doi.org/10.61992/jpp.v2i1.61
Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Pembanguanan Manusia dan Kebudayaan RI. (2019). Strategi Percepatan Pencegahan Anak Kerdil (Stunting).
Khomsan, A., Rifayanto, R. P., Firdausi, A., Syaffa, A., Adha, A., Herdiana, E., Wibowo, Y., Nuranti, A., Afrilda, Y., & Hasanah, N. (2024). Supplemental feeding and nutrition education to reduce stunting in Indonesian toddlers - The DASHAT programme. Progress in Nutrition, 26, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.23751/pn.v26i1.15270
Kurniawati, D., Hastono, S., Safika, I., & Wahyuningsih, W. (2025). Geographically Weighted Regression Model of Stunting Determinants in Indonesia. Journal of Maternal and Child Health. https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2025.10.03.02
Kusumawati, P. D., Nurhidayah, R., & Kurniasari, D. (2025). The effectiveness of integrating the Lumbung Hidup and Nutritional Rangers mobile applications in preventing stunting among underprivi- leged families in Kediri Regency. Healthcare in Low-Resource Settings, 13, 13–17. https://doi.org/10.4081/hls.2024
Maidelwita, Y., Sansuwito, T., & Said, F. M. (2025). Effects of An Integrated Nutritional Health Intervention on Energy and Protein Intake in Under Five-Year Malnourished Children. Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia, 28(September 2023), 107–118. https://doi.org/10.7454/jki.v28i2.1238
Martony, O. (2023). Stunting di Indonesia: Tantangan dan Solusi di Era Modern. Journal of Telenursing (JOTING). https://doi.org/10.31539/joting.v5i2.6930
Mulyani, A. T., Khairinisa, M., Khatib, A., & Chaerunisaa, A. (2025). Understanding Stunting: Impact, Causes, and Strategy to Accelerate Stunting Reduction—A Narrative Review. Nutrients, 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091493
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. The BMJ, 372. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Santoso, P., & Pujianto, T. (2024). The Analysis of Factors that Influence Stunting. Jurnal Ners Dan Kebidanan (Journal of Ners and Midwifery). https://doi.org/10.26699/jnk.v11i2.art.p200-208
Sheeran, P., Wright, C., Avishai, A., Villegas, M., Lindemans, J., Klein, W., Rothman, A., Miles, E., & Ntoumanis, N. (2020). Self-determination theory interventions for health behavior change: Meta-analysis and meta-analytic structural equation modeling of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000501
Siregar, Y. A., Batubara, N., Hadi, A. J., & Ahmad, H. (2025). Open Access Stunting Prevention Behavior for Children Under Five Years of Age Based on Integrated Nutrition Education with Local Culture MARTABE : A Quasi Experiment. Journal of Public Health and Pharmacy, 590–606. https://doi.org/10.56338/jphp.v5i3.6675
Siswati, T., Iskandar, S., Pramestuti, N., Raharjo, J., Rubaya, A. K., SatriaWiratama, & Bayu. (2022). Impact of an Integrative Nutrition Package through Home Visit on Maternal and Children Outcome: Finding from Locus Stunting in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Nutrients, 14.
T, B., A, T., A, S., D, I., & LM, N. (2018). A review of child stunting determinants in Indonesia. Matern Child Nutr, 14(4). https://doi.org/doi: 10.1111/mcn.12617
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright notice:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access)
