Mekanisme Tata Kelola Perusahaan dan Financial Distress: Bukti Empiris pada Perbankan Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35473/jibaku.v6i2.5124Keywords:
Financial Distress, Managerial Ownership, Internal Audit, Whistleblowing SystemAbstract
The achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires companies to maintain financial integrity as part of their efforts to ensure business sustainability, particularly in the banking sector, which is characterized by high complexity and risk. Weak financial integrity may increase the potential for fraud and financial distress. Therefore, the implementation of effective corporate governance mechanisms through managerial ownership, internal audit, and whistleblowing systems is essential as a means of detecting and preventing fraud while maintaining financial stability. This study examines the effect of managerial ownership, internal audit, and whistleblowing systems on financial distress, which serves as a proxy for fraud risk and corporate financial integrity. Using an exploratory quantitative approach, this study analyzes banking sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2019–2023 period. A total of 33 observations were analyzed using panel data regression with the Random Effect Model (REM). The findings show that the whistleblowing system significantly reduces the risk of financial distress. In contrast, managerial ownership and internal audit do not show statistically significant effects, although the direction of their relationships is consistent with corporate governance theory. These findings indicate that strengthening the whistleblowing system is important for banking companies to reduce the risk of financial distress and maintain financial integrity.
Abstrak
Pencapaian Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) menuntut perusahaan untuk menjaga integritas keuangan sebagai bagian dari upaya mewujudkan keberlanjutan usaha, khususnya pada sektor perbankan yang memiliki tingkat kompleksitas dan risiko yang tinggi. Lemahnya integritas keuangan dapat meningkatkan potensi terjadinya fraud dan kesulitan keuangan (financial distress). Oleh karena itu, penerapan mekanisme tata kelola perusahaan yang efektif melalui kepemilikan manajerial, audit internal, dan whistleblowing system menjadi penting sebagai sarana deteksi dan pencegahan fraud guna menjaga stabilitas keuangan. Studi ini meneliti dampak kepemilikan manajerial, audit internal, dan whistleblowing system terhadap financial distress, yang berfungsi sebagai proksi untuk risiko fraud dan integritas keuangan perusahaan. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif eksploratif, studi ini menganalisis perusahaan-perusahaan sektor perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (IDX) selama periode 2019–2023. Sebanyak 33 unit observasi dianalisis menggunakan regresi data panel dengan Random Effect Model (REM). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa whistleblowing system secara signifikan mengurangi risiko financial distress. Sebaliknya, kepemilikan manajerial dan audit internal tidak menunjukkan efek yang signifikan secara statistik, meskipun hubungan arahnya selaras dengan teori tata kelola perusahaan. Temuan ini menunjukkan penguatan whistleblowing system penting dilakukan oleh perusahaan perbankan untuk menekan risiko financial distress dan menjaga integritas keuangan.
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